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BG9002: 各浏览器对 SCRIPT 标签内 type 和 language 属性值识别程度不同

作者：钱宝坤

标准参考

脚本使用的语言由 SCRIPT 标签的 “type” 属性指定，该属性大小写不敏感，在 HTML 4.01 规范中，该属性没有默认值，而在 HTML 5 草案中，该属性的默认值为 "text/javascript"" 。

SCRIPT 标签的 "language" 属性，用来指定 SCRIPT 标记内的脚本语言类型。该属性已被废弃，HTML 4.01 规范中推荐使用 "type" 来代替。

关于 SCRIPT 标签的更多信息，请参考 HTML 4.01 规范 18.2.1 及 HTML5 草案 4.3.1 中的内容。

“type” 和 "language" 这两个属性在现有浏览器中均支持。

问题描述

当一个 SCRIPT 标签设置了非 "type=text/javascript" 或 ”language=javascript" 时，如："type="text/JScript1"" 或 "language="JScript"" 情况，各浏览器对 SCRIPT 标签识别情况不一致。

注1：JScript 是 ECMAScript 的微软实现版，类似其他浏览器的 JavaScript，但有些细节上有差异。

造成的影响

该问题将导致部分脚本在各浏览器中识别程度不一，导致某些标示的脚本不能被解析和运行。

受影响的浏览器

所有浏览器

问题分析

SCRIPT 标签的 “type” 属性用来指定嵌入脚本代码的语言类型，它是一个 MIME 类型的值，关于 MIME 请参考 RFC2045 和 RFC2046 中的说明。

“type” 属性值的大小写不敏感。 同样 "language" 属性也是用来指定嵌入脚本代码语言类型的，属性值也不区分大小写。

我们构造一些系列常见 “type” 和 "language" 属性值，观察各浏览器对他们的支持情况。

分析以下代码：

Script Type: text/javascript: <script
                type='text/javascript'>document.write('OK');</script> text/ecmascript: <script
                type='text/ecmascript'>document.write('OK');</script> text/livescript: <script
                type='text/livescript'>document.write('OK');</script> text/javascript1.0: <script
                type='text/javascript1.0'>document.write('OK')</script> text/javascript1.1: <script
                type='text/javascript1.1'>document.write('OK')</script> text/javascript1.2: <script
                type='text/javascript1.2'>document.write('OK')</script> text/javascript1.3: <script
                type='text/javascript1.3'>document.write('OK')</script> text/javascript1.4: <script
                type='text/javascript1.4'>document.write('OK')</script> text/javascript1.5: <script
                type='text/javascript1.5'>document.write('OK')</script> text/javascript1.6: <script
                type='text/javascript1.6'>document.write('OK')</script> text/javascript1.7: <script
                type='text/javascript1.7'>document.write('OK')</script> text/jscript: <script
                type='text/jscript'>document.write('OK')</script> text/vbscript: <script
                type='text/vbscript'>document.write("OK")</script> text/vbs: <script
                type='text/vbs'>document.write("OK")</script> application/javascript: <script
                type='application/javascript'>document.write('OK')</script> text/javascript &&
                language=vbs: <script type='text/javascript' language='vbs'>document.write('OK');</script>
                Language: javascript: <script language="javascript">document.write('OK')</script>
                ecmascript: <script language="ecmascript">document.write('OK')</script> livescript:
                <script language="livescript">document.write('OK')</script> javascript1.0: <script
                language="javascript1.0">document.write('OK')</script> javascript1.1: <script
                language="javascript1.1">document.write('OK')</script> javascript1.2: <script
                language="javascript1.2">document.write('OK')</script> javascript1.3: <script
                language="javascript1.3">document.write('OK')</script> javascript1.4: <script
                language="javascript1.4">document.write('OK')</script> javascript1.5: <script
                language="javascript1.5">document.write('OK')</script> javascript1.6: <script
                language="javascript1.6">document.write('OK')</script> javascript1.7: <script
                language="javascript1.7">document.write('OK')</script> jscript: <script
                language="jscript">document.write('OK')</script> vbscript: <script
                language="vbscript">document.write("OK")</script> vbs: <script
                language="vbs">document.write("OK")</script> Language Encode: javascript.encode: <script
                language="javascript.encode">document.write('OK')</script> ecmascript.encode: <script
                language="ecmascript.encode">document.write('OK')</script> livescript.encode: <script
                language="livescript.encode">document.write('OK')</script> javascript1.1.encode: <script
                language="javascript1.1.encode">document.write('OK')</script> javascript1.7.encode: <script
                language="javascript1.7.encode">document.write('OK')</script> jscript.encode: <script
                language="jscript.encode">document.write('OK')</script> vbscript.encode: <script
                language="vbscript.encode">document.write("OK")</script> vbs.encode: <script
                language="vbs.encode">document.write("OK")</script>

这段代码在不同浏览器中的结果如下：

  IE6 IE7 IE8 Firefox Chrome Safari Opera
Script Type text/javascript: OK
text/ecmascript: OK
text/livescript: OK
text/javascript1.0:
text/javascript1.1: OK
text/javascript1.2: OK
text/javascript1.3: OK
text/javascript1.4:
text/javascript1.5:
text/javascript1.6:
text/javascript1.7:
text/jscript:OK
text/vbscript: OK
text/vbs: OK
application/javascript:
text/javascript && language=vbs: OK
text/javascript: OK
text/ecmascript: OK
text/livescript:
text/javascript1.0:
text/javascript1.1:
text/javascript1.2:
text/javascript1.3:
text/javascript1.4:
text/javascript1.5:
text/javascript1.6:
text/javascript1.7:
text/jscript
text/vbscript:
text/vbs:
application/javascript: OK
text/javascript && language=vbs: OK 		text/javascript: OK
text/ecmascript: OK
text/livescript: OK
text/javascript1.0: OK
text/javascript1.1: OK
text/javascript1.2: OK
text/javascript1.3: OK
text/javascript1.4:
text/javascript1.5:
text/javascript1.6:
text/javascript1.7:
text/jscript:OK
text/vbscript:
text/vbs:
application/javascript: OK
text/javascript && language=vbs: OK 		text/javascript: OK
text/ecmascript: OK
text/livescript:
text/javascript1.0:
text/javascript1.1:
text/javascript1.2:
text/javascript1.3:
text/javascript1.4:
text/javascript1.5:
text/javascript1.6:
text/javascript1.7:
text/jscript:OK
text/vbscript:
text/vbs:
application/javascript: OK
text/javascript && language=vbs: OK
Language javascript: OK
ecmascript: OK
livescript: OK
javascript1.0:
javascript1.1: OK
javascript1.2: OK
javascript1.3: OK
javascript1.4:
javascript1.5:
javascript1.6:
javascript1.7:
jscript: OK
vbscript: OK
vbs: OK
javascript: OK
ecmascript:
livescript: OK
javascript1.0: OK
javascript1.1: OK
javascript1.2: OK
javascript1.3: OK
javascript1.4: OK
javascript1.5: OK
javascript1.6: OK
javascript1.7: OK
jscript:
vbscript:
vbs: 		javascript: OK
ecmascript: OK
livescript: OK
javascript1.0: OK
javascript1.1: OK
javascript1.2: OK
javascript1.3: OK
javascript1.4: OK
javascript1.5: OK
javascript1.6: OK
javascript1.7: OK
jscript: OK
vbscript:
vbs: 		javascript: OK
ecmascript: OK
livescript: OK
javascript1.0: OK
javascript1.1: OK
javascript1.2: OK
javascript1.3: OK
javascript1.4: OK
javascript1.5: OK
javascript1.6:
javascript1.7:
jscript: OK
vbscript:
vbs:
Language Encode 1 javascript.encode:
ecmascript.encode:
livescript.encode:
javascript1.1.encode:
javascript1.7.encode:
jscript.encode: OK
vbscript.encode: OK
vbs.encode: 		javascript.encode:
ecmascript.encode:
livescript.encode:
javascript1.1.encode:
javascript1.7.encode:
jscript.encode:
vbscript.encode:
vbs.encode: 		javascript.encode:
ecmascript.encode:
livescript.encode:
javascript1.1.encode:
javascript1.7.encode:
jscript.encode:
vbscript.encode:
vbs.encode: 		javascript.encode: ok
ecmascript.encode:
livescript.encode: ok
javascript1.1.encode:
javascript1.7.encode:
jscript.encode:
vbscript.encode:
vbs.encode:

【注】：Encode 关键字代表了 Microsoft 提供的脚本加密（Script Encoder）机制，可以对脚本进行加密，包括 JScript 和 VBScript。经过加密的脚本，仅在 IE 下能正常运行，其它浏览器下不识别。这里的 Language Encode 仅代表对类似脚本类声明的支持程度，并不代表可以执行的浏览器就一定支持 Microsoft 的脚本加密（Script Encoder）机制。
更详细信息可以参考：BT9006: 只有 IE 的脚本引擎支持 JScript.Encode 和 VBScript.Encode

根据上表可以看出，各浏览器对于 "type" 和 "language" 属性本身均支持，但是对于其中设置的脚本语言类型识别与支持各异：

  • "type" 和 "language" 同时存在时，所有浏览器均优先识别 "type" 属性内的脚本类型；
  • 其中 IE 浏览器实际支持 JScript 和 VBScript 脚本语言标示以及 Script Encoder 加密；
  • Firefox Chrome Safari Opera 对 "type" 属性值的具体识别宽容度不一致，相对 Chrome Safari 对属性值正确性校验更加宽松，Firefox 的校验最为严格；
  • 在 "Language" 属性值识别宽容度比较中，各浏览器中 Chrome Safari 依然最为宽松，IE 最为严格，Firefox 与 Opera 持平；
  • Language Encode 比较中，只有 IE 支持 JScript.Encoder 以及 VBScript.Encoder 类型设置，Firefox Chrome Safari均不支持，Opera 中则是该属性值被修复为默认的 Javascript 脚本语言后才有输出值。

解决方案

为了保证脚本程序可以正常执行，除非特意使用仅 IE 支持的 VBScript 和 Script Encoder 机制外，应当将 SCRIPT 标记的 "type" 属性设置为 "javascript"，并且不要设置已经废弃的 "Languange" 属性。

参见

知识库

相关问题

测试环境

操作系统版本: Windows 7 Ultimate build 7600
浏览器版本: IE6
IE7
IE8
Firefox 3.6.10
Chrome 7.0.517.8 dev
Safari 5.0.2
Opera 10.62
测试页面: script_language_type.html
本文更新时间: 2010-09-20

关键字

SCRIPT JScript VBScript Encoder type language 识别程度